全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10295篇 |
免费 | 1541篇 |
国内免费 | 1231篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7302篇 |
晶体学 | 116篇 |
力学 | 664篇 |
综合类 | 67篇 |
数学 | 1299篇 |
物理学 | 3619篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 252篇 |
2022年 | 251篇 |
2021年 | 339篇 |
2020年 | 423篇 |
2019年 | 443篇 |
2018年 | 381篇 |
2017年 | 362篇 |
2016年 | 507篇 |
2015年 | 503篇 |
2014年 | 576篇 |
2013年 | 783篇 |
2012年 | 867篇 |
2011年 | 939篇 |
2010年 | 656篇 |
2009年 | 589篇 |
2008年 | 724篇 |
2007年 | 604篇 |
2006年 | 554篇 |
2005年 | 414篇 |
2004年 | 368篇 |
2003年 | 274篇 |
2002年 | 290篇 |
2001年 | 207篇 |
2000年 | 195篇 |
1999年 | 253篇 |
1998年 | 175篇 |
1997年 | 132篇 |
1996年 | 136篇 |
1995年 | 132篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 107篇 |
1992年 | 87篇 |
1991年 | 86篇 |
1990年 | 77篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
We provide new closed‐form approximations for the pricing of spread options in three specific instances of exponential Lévy markets, ie, when log‐returns are modeled as Brownian motions (Black‐Scholes model), variance gamma processes (VG model), or normal inverse Gaussian processes (NIG model). For the specific case of exchange options (spread options with zero strike), we generalize the well‐known Margrabe formula (1978) that is valid in a Black‐Scholes model to the VG model under a homogeneity assumption. 相似文献
72.
本文采用超声法制备了柚皮素(NAR)与β-环糊精(βCD)的包合物.粉末-X射线衍射(XRD)和红外吸收光谱(IR)测定均表明形成的包合物具有不同于主客体的新的结构性质.1H NMR与ROESY核磁共振(NMR)实验表明NAR以苯环端从βCD的宽口端进入,并形成稳定的超分子包合物.量子化学计算分析NAR/βCD包合物的形成过程表明,驱动力源于焓驱动与氢键弱相互作用力;能隙和结合能分析得到的最优包合模式与NMR研究结果一致;ONIOM分层计算验证了上述结果.分子对接模拟出的最优包合模式也与量子化学计算、NMR的分析结果吻合.本文获取了清晰的NAR/βCD包合物构型及其形成机理,为该超分子药物的定量构效关系研究提供了理论参考. 相似文献
73.
Yan‐Ping Zhang Yue Li Guan‐Cheng Xu Jin‐Yu Li Hua‐Ying Luo Jin‐Yao Li Li Zhang Dian‐Zeng Jia 《应用有机金属化学》2019,33(3)
Two new complexes, namely [Cu6L6] ( 1 ) and [Zn(HL)2] ( 2 ) (H2L = N‐(1‐phenyl‐3‐methyl‐4‐propenylidene‐5‐pyrazolone)‐2‐furancarboxylic acid hydrazide), have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray analysis indicates that complex 1 has a hexanuclear structure and complex 2 exhibits a mononuclear structure. The DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding properties of complexes 1 and 2 were investigated by absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching. Both complexes could effectively intercalate to DNA with calculated quenching constants of 2.6 × 105 and 1.25 × 105 M?1, respectively. The quenching mechanism of the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by the complexes was found to be a static one. The cytotoxicities of 1 and 2 were investigated in two human tumor cell lines, human esophageal cancer cells (Eca‐109) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Complex 1 exhibits higher antitumor activity than 2 . Furthermore, 1 can inhibit HeLa cells by inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. All results demonstrate that 1 and 2 both have DNA/BSA binding capacity and antitumor activity. 相似文献
74.
Hongtao Yao Jianhua Zhou Hong Li Jiaojiao Zhao 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2019,57(12):1305-1314
A simple method for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/fluorinated polyacrylate was developed by RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the nanocomposites formed a core‐shell spherical morphology. The influence of the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) (AA was acrylic acid, HFBA was hexafluorobutyl acrylate) on the properties of latex and film were systematically studied. The monomer conversion, the tensile strength, and water–oil repellency of film increased first and then decreased, the latex particle size decreased first and then decreased, when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) increased from 1 to 6 wt %. Elongation at break and thermal stability distinctly decreased when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) gradually increased. XPS showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process. SEM analysis revealed that the treated fiber had a rugged surface, and the treated fabric had an excellent water repellency. In addition, this green grafting method in water offered a new perspective for the fabrication of exceptional NCC‐based nanocomposites with NCC as the core and also helped to promote the potential applicability of NCC in a range of multipurpose applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1305–1314 相似文献
75.
Two LnIII ions are sandwiched by dinuclear CoII building blocks derived from a tris‐triazamacrocyclic ligand bearing pendant carboxylic acid functionality, 1,3,5‐tris((4,7‐bis(2‐carboxyethyl)‐1,4,7‐triazacyclonon‐1‐yl)methyl)‐benzene (H6L), giving rising to two nanoscale heterometallic metal–organic cages formulated as [Co4Ln2(LH2.5)2(H2O)4]·(ClO4)6·NO3·nH2O [Ln = Dy, n = 12 ( 1 ); Ln = Yb, n = 9 ( 2 )], whose internal cavity accommodates a guest NO3? anion. Their hexanuclear cage‐like architectures are maintained both in solution and solid states as confirmed by mass spectrum as well as X‐ray diffraction experiments. These two cages display ligand‐based fluorescence emissions and therefore both were chosen to be operated as fluorescent chemosensors for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds. Attractively, these metal–organic cages allow highly selective and sensitive detection of picric acid (PA) over other nitroaromatics in solution and suspension, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the cage probes and PA is mainly responsible for the remarkable detection efficiency. 相似文献
76.
77.
Huang Yingping Kun Yao Miaomiao Xiang Manke Jia Aiqing Zhang 《Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Focus on Chemistry》2019,93(6):1182-1191
Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - g-C3N4/BiOBr composites were obtained via solvothermal method. XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, BET, and BJH methods were used to characterize the... 相似文献
78.
Lirong Ma Xuanlin Yang Xiuzhong Yao Weiyu Weng 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2020,96(5):1088-1095
Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is a lipophilic derivative of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and can induce more protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) formation and stronger fluorescence intensity (FI) than 5-ALA, which will greatly facilitate photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. The main drawback of HAL is its low solubility in neutral aqueous media. In this study, surfactants were used to increase HAL solubility in the cell culture medium and serum, followed by in vitro fluorescence formation measurement in human pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990) and in vivo fluorescence detection in tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that Tween 80 (TW80) and Kolliphor® HS 15 (HS15) increased the solubility of HAL in the selected media. Although TW80 and HS15 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity at high concentrations (5 mg mL−1), they facilitated fluorescent signal formation at the early stage of cell incubation. When surfactants were used, the FI should be determined without the routine washing process because surfactant-containing culture medium caused the loss of synthesized PpIX during the washing process. When HAL dissolved in TW80 solution was injected intraperitoneally into pancreatic cancer-bearing mice at a dose of 50 mg kg−1, the tumors exhibited red fluorescence, which indicated that systemic administration of surfactant-solubilized HAL might be applicable for tumor fluorescence detection in vivo. 相似文献
79.
Yongshuai Zhang Xiangxing Tao Tengteng Yao Jingsong He 《Studies in Applied Mathematics》2020,145(4):812-827
Based on the inverse scattering method, the formulae of one higher-order pole solitons and multiple higher-order poles solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) equation are obtained. Their denominators are expressed as , where is a matrix frequently constructed for solving the Riemann-Hilbert problem, and the asterisk denotes complex conjugate. We take two methods for proving is invertible. The first one shows matrix is equivalent to a self-adjoint Hankel matrix , proving . The second one considers the block-matrix form of , proving . In addition, we prove that the dimension of is equivalent to the sum of the orders of pole points of the transmission coefficient and its diagonal entries compose a set of basis. 相似文献
80.
Wei Yao Zhoufeng Shen Yi Yu Guanghong Ding 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2020,43(4):1555-1564
Acupuncture, a physiotherapy, has been widely accepted all around the world. This study focuses on the influence of membrane structures and explains the acupuncture sensations from the aspect of mechanical properties. By mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, the scientific meaning of the acupuncture depth is investigated and phenomena and theory of acupuncture are discussed. The simulation results show that (a) the fascial structure is the main contributor to the force on the needle, the axial force will gradually increase before piercing the fascial, and suddenly decrease after piercing the fascial; (b) there is an inverse relationship between the needle radius and the maximum radial stress, which indicates that the needle should not be too sharp to cause local stress concentration and piece the fascia layer; and (c) the simulation results of comprehensively considering the static friction and sliding friction is identical with the experiment results. This study proposes a preliminary study of mechanical effects of acupuncture manipulation, clarifies key factors affecting the stress on the needle, and explains the objective requirement of acupuncture depth to effective treatment. 相似文献